This can be caused by a number of different factors, for example the IP:port is incorrect, or you're missing a path, something went wrong with Tomcat on startup. It's possible for JIRA to startup but the connectors to not work if they're improperly configured.
Is there anything in the catalina.out / stdout file in $JIRA_INSTALL/logs? If not you could look in the $JIRA_HOME/log/atlassian-jira.log.
It might be easier to raise a support case with us at https://support.atlassian.com and we can go through your logs and suggest some other troubleshooting steps also. Specifically:
server.xml for the path and the ipconfig / netstat for IP).telnet <ip> <port> to see if the port is open and listening.
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