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Development is not covered by the courses. It is mentioned, but none of the courses are going to show you any code or builds.
Specifically, to answer your questions
No.
Not for the courses. Although a basic understanding of XML and Tomcat would be a help if doing the Atlassian systems administration course.
There's a link on the page to the list of courses available. Click the "learn more" next to each type of course.
It depends on the course. Some just need a basic understanding of computers, as they focus entirely on the application usage and admin. Some need some more technical stuff like the basics of networking, email, etc. I would strongly recommend exposure to Atlassian stack too. The courses are not for people thinking "hey, let's learn a new thing", they're aimed at people who have used Jira and Confluence as end-users at least, and new administrators.
