If you are using the same database technology in both places, the easiest thing is to dump the database from prod, copy it to dev and load it in to the dev db. You will need to go in and change the servername and I would recommend editing the setenv.sh and disabling all email. If you have any mail handlers, you don't want real production email being pulled in to dev. You can then rsync the attachments directory from prod to dev.
If your dev environment can't access all the things that prod can, you may need to reconfigure your user directory, mail, etc. It's also not a bad idea to have a local system-admin account in Jira that you can log in with in case it can't connect to your user directory.
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