How do you prevent assigning more than one active or future sprint to an issue?

[Wiese, Scott]

JIRA Enterprise:  I've seen some others post a similar question with vague or mixed responses.  When users are working their issues in the active sprint, they will often apply a future sprint thinking it replaces the existing, however, the sprint will be added and the issue will have two sprints assigned. This is causing problems with our reporting and plan views.

[Mykenna Cepek]

Jira Cloud has a setting to enable or disable "parallel sprints":

When enabled, a Project can have multiple "Started Sprints" (active sprints) at one time.

When disabled, a Project can only have one active (started) Sprint at a time.

This setting can only be changed by a Jira Administrator, and applies to all Projects in the Jira instance.

Any Project can have any number of inactive Sprints at a time. Jira Cloud provides no native way to restrict that.