Hello and welcome to Confluence!
The functionality you are describing does not exist (to my knowledge), but there are a couple other options.
If you add an Excel file to a Confluence page, you can edit it using Atlassian Companion. This opens the file in Excel, and once you have finished, you get a little window "Upload changes?" and the new version is added to your Confluence page. You can see what is looks like in this blog post.
If you want your spreadsheet to be displayed directly in Confluence, or with a pop-up window option, and editable in Confluence, you will need to use an app, or plugin, for Confluence.
You can search "Excel" on the Atlassian Marketplace to see all the apps available that provide spreadsheet functionalities and try them for free. My company makes Elements Spreadsheet, so I'll recommend that one, but it's not the only option.
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