No. All remotely accessible services on a machine run on a port. Even if it's hidden by a browser, proxy or other network trick, the server is still running on a port and accessible over that port.
I've no idea what you mean "when I access the application folder over port 80 I just see the files" - but I guess that implies you've just stuck the files into a web server, which, I have no idea why you'd even think that might work when ALL the documentation says "install it in an application server".
When installed by default, Confluence runs on port 8090. If you don't like that port, you can change the application server, fiddle with DNS to resolve it without a port, or run it behind a proxy (i.e. land on port 80, which the proxy goes "I need to talk to Confluence on that server on port 8090, but the users don't need to know that)
So I guess the question is what have you installed, and what are you actually aiming for?
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