how to adjust links in Table of Contents macro

[Bill Horan]

Is there any way to A) input extra content to the table, and B) adjust the anchor link in said content?

With the current editing controls in place, it doesn't seem to allow one to do so; it seems to be just for adjusting the layout of the table of contents. 

[Christie Gera _ Appfire]

Correct. That's not possible. These are your Table of Contents macro options:

https://support.atlassian.com/confluence-cloud/docs/insert-the-table-of-contents-macro/