Unfortunately in Git tags and branches are mutually exclusive - in Git you tag a point in the history, a commit, and give it a name.
You create tags like this git tag -a tag_name
You push your tags to remote servers like this git push origin tag_name
You checkout tags like this: git checkout tag_name
Checkout the Git tagging documentation here: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging
Mercurial is different though, and I am no where near experienced enough with it to be of any use. The documentation on Mercurial's tags is here: https://www.mercurial-scm.org/wiki/Tag
You have two kinds of tags in git : Lightweight Tags and Annoted tags
You can read the docs and create your tag depending on your need.
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If you are using Git, you tag the same way you would tag in any other git source control platform. The same is the case with Mercurial.
Now if you are wondering about how do this in CI (using pipelines), the tagging depends on your building framework. Are you building a java project? a NodeJS project? etc... If you are using maven for java use the scm plugin: https://maven.apache.org/scm/maven-scm-plugin/examples/scm-advance-features.html#tag
If you are for example building something in nodejs you will probably be using npm or yarn. using npm you would probably tag your builds with something like:
npm --unsafe-perm version patch
(assuming a clean repo during build npm will automatically create a git tag for you and push it).
to get the code and debug it... again it depends on wether you are using git or mercurial... but basically you have to use a git client (or mg client) and checkout the tag into your computer. If you want to work on it, you will have to branch it first either locally (or in your origin and pull it).
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