Yes,
You can use one of the in build workflow condition "No Open Reviews Condition " or "Unreviewed Code Condition " to block the transition.
I haven't tried this particular scenario, but, you this kind of thing is what a CLI condition validator from Run CLI Actions in JIRA should be able to do. You would run one of the Crucible actions like getReview or getReviewList and provide your condition to proceed with the transition or not. It depends on how you determine the code review key (review key referenced in issue or issue key referenced in review).
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