Two (x2) different users experienced the same problem. We were authoring different pages on Confluence-Cloud on different days.
We went here: https://www.latex4technics.com/ to make some equations. We used right-click and copy-paste to put the equations into a page in Confluence.
When each of us views our own page, each equation (PNG image) looks fine. When we (and others) view each other's pages, all the images are the SAME. In other words, equation #1 is duplicated in place of all the unique equations on the page.
This persists for several days. I can still my own page perfectly and others still see my page as corrupted.
Our pages have full access for all users. Our pages are published with no outstanding drafts.
Solutions?