This question is in reference to Atlassian Documentation: Search syntax for text fields
How do I use JQL to search for issues where "X does not contain Y", if X is a plain text field and Y is a particular word
I have tried "NOT X ~ Y", but that seems to give all issues where X contains something else apart from Y, but excludes all those issues where X is empty. I wish to include issues where X is empty in my results.