We've recently lost the Confluence connection in all our Jira projects. The Project pages are empty, and we can not connect to an existing Space or Project. We also can't create a new space from Jira:

The pages still exist in Confluence.
I've tried adding a new Application Link to 'System Jira' from the Confluence settings, but this doesn't help.
The following error keeps popping up in the Network tab from Jira:

Does anybody know how to solve this ?