I've clicked Write a comment ... at bottom of the page and then dragged-in a file named testing_transition.patch into the editor.
File was uploaded and link was added to the editor, however in the database in ATTACHMENTS table CONTENTTYPE column was set to application/x-upload-data instead of text/plain, which is indicated in confluence-install/confluence/WEB-INF/classes/mime.types file.
Also it seems, that confluence provided mime.types file is very small comparing to one, provided in CentOS installation.