I cannot see the list of project components on its dedicated page (administer-components) once there is an issue associated with a component. When there is no issue associated with any of the components, I can see the manage screen for components for that project.
Surprisingly, I do see the short list of components (5 items) on the summary page for the project. REST API v2 works as well (/rest/api/2/project/{projectIdOrKey}/components).
This seems like some naughty bug, however I was not able to find anything useful in the logs.