From your description I would assume that you did not map a status to this new column. If there is no status mapped to the column it becomes irrelevant and does not get displayed. Go to your column configuration and select a status from the list that is provided on the left side of the screen. Just drag-n-drop the status to the new column. You can add as many statuses as you want. The list contains all statuses which are configured in your Jira instance (preconfigured and customized).
Important: Each status in your rapid board should be available to the issues that you are filtering within your rapid board. For instance, it does not make sence to map a status "x" if your issues never get into this status because it does not exist in your workflow.
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