The Rank field is utilized by Jira Software for all issues in Jira. When an issue is created Jira Software will generate an initial rank value for these. This happens shortly after the issue created. But this is not happening at the time the issue is created.
Since this is a system field, I would not recommend trying to set a value for this field manually, or via some other process outside of Jira Software's own ranking methods. At least not in regards to using the specific REST endpoint api/2/issue.
Even if you add that rank field to the screen scheme, you are not expected to be able to set a value for this at the precise time the issue is created via this method.
There is another REST endpoint you can use to set a rank value after the issue has been created though, please see agile/1.0/issue - Rank issues. If you want to set a rank value via REST, this is the way to do so.
It might still be possible to define the rank value when the issue is created, but the only method I know of that might be able to do this when creating issues is the method via the CSV external system import in Jira. I believe that the importer plugin Jira is using is able to set the value of a rank field this way on import. But this is not the same thing as creating an issue via REST.
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