The "resolution" field is clearly NOT marked required in View Field Config. But it has a red asterisk in the Edit screen and won't allow leaving it Unresolved.
In the View Field Config, the "resolution" field has neither a "Make Required" nor "Make Optional" link, and does not have the "REQUIRED" notation next to its field name.
How do I make this field actually "not required" in the Edit screen?
You don't.
The field is not "required" in the usual JIRA sense of field configurations, but the way the field's code is built means it will always be filled in.
Do not put the resolution field on any screen, except the transition screen for transitions from an "open" like status (blue or yellow category) to a closed (green category) screen. If you put it on any other screen, you will break it.
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