Unable to authenticate to any atlassian products after server patch and change to MFA

[Trevor Wood]

We currently use Active Directory to authenticate our Confluence, Jira, Bitbucket, Bamboo and Crowd instances.  Two things happened this week, and I am not sure which one or if both had to do with this issue.  One was a routine patch to our server, and the other is our systems team implemented MFA for O365 products.  Now, we cannot log into any of our Atlassian services, getting a rather generic message:

A colleague who was already logged in is currently the only one able to access any content.  An error he encountered is more verbose and begins with: 

com.atlassian.crowd.exception.runtime.OperationFailedException: The following URL does not specify a valid Crowd User Management REST servi...