The content of the page tree cannot be seen on public links.
HI @Edison and welcome to the community.
That is the desired behavior.
Public links is a feature to share individual pages - and those pages are shared in isolation.
If you want to 'share' the entire space, you have to make it available by enabling anonymous VIEW access in Permissions for the particular space.
Mind though, that doing so will allow ANYONE on the internet to see your space's content the moment that you publish a page.
If you want to keep your space anonymous but make selected content available to public, including the page tree, you have to use a marketplace app (such as Scroll Viewport by K15t) that creates a static documentation site from your Confluence content.
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